低壓電器是指用于交流50Hz(或60Hz)、額定電壓為1000V及以下、直流額定電壓為1500V及以下的電路內(nèi)起通斷、保護(hù)、控制或調(diào)節(jié)作用的電器元件或組件。終端電器主要用于線路末端如商住、寫(xiě)字樓等，其具有模數(shù)化的外形尺寸和導(dǎo)軌式安裝的結(jié)構(gòu)；配電電器大量用于電網(wǎng)輸配電的低壓側(cè)或用于電流的接通、分?jǐn)啵茉诰€路或用電設(shè)備發(fā)生短路、過(guò)載、欠壓等故障時(shí)切斷電路，從而起到對(duì)線路和設(shè)備的保護(hù)作用；控制電器主要用于冶金、石化等領(lǐng)域內(nèi)完成各種電動(dòng)機(jī)的啟動(dòng)、調(diào)速、正反轉(zhuǎn)、制動(dòng)的各種控制的低壓電器。
Low voltage apparatus is applied to ac 50 hz or 60 hz, the rated voltage of 1000 v and below, dc rated voltage of 1500 v and below within the circuit on and off, protection, control or adjust the role of electrical components, or components. Terminal appliances are mainly used at the end of the line, such as commercial buildings and office buildings. The low voltage side of
據(jù)前瞻產(chǎn)業(yè)研究院發(fā)布的《低壓電器行業(yè)產(chǎn)銷需求與投資預(yù)測(cè)分析報(bào)告》數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截止2016年底，低壓電器市場(chǎng)規(guī)模達(dá)到750億元。2017年低壓電器市場(chǎng)規(guī)模預(yù)計(jì)在810億元左右，同比增長(zhǎng)8%。低壓電器產(chǎn)品需求受各行業(yè)投資驅(qū)動(dòng)，但與固定資產(chǎn)投資最為相關(guān)。受固定資產(chǎn)投資回暖，及下游發(fā)電、工業(yè)、房地產(chǎn)等市場(chǎng)高速增長(zhǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)，預(yù)計(jì)低壓電器行業(yè)產(chǎn)值在2018-2020年將維持8%左右的增速。
distribution electric equipment in power transmission and distribution or for current connected, breaking, in line of short-circuit, overload, under voltage or electric equipment such as failure to cut off the circuit, thus protect the circuitry and equipment; Control appliances are mainly used in metallurgy, petrochemical and other fields to complete the start of various motors, speed regulation, positive and negative rotation, braking of various control low-voltage appliances.
目前低壓電器行業(yè)可以分為高、中、低端三個(gè)梯隊(duì)。第一梯隊(duì)是行業(yè)中的技術(shù)引領(lǐng)者，主要有施耐德、ABB、西門(mén)子等跨國(guó)企業(yè)，該類企業(yè)掌握了低壓電器行業(yè)最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，引領(lǐng)低壓電器行業(yè)的發(fā)展方向；第二梯隊(duì)是行業(yè)技術(shù)的跟進(jìn)者，主要有正泰電器、常熟開(kāi)關(guān)、良信電器、上海人民電器等公司，該類企業(yè)具有較強(qiáng)的研發(fā)能力，能夠及時(shí)跟進(jìn)行業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展；第三梯隊(duì)是是行業(yè)內(nèi)的大部分產(chǎn)品同質(zhì)化、以低價(jià)策略進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的企業(yè)，該類企業(yè)研發(fā)能力較低，一般只有當(dāng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入成熟期后且生產(chǎn)技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為行業(yè)內(nèi)的公開(kāi)信息時(shí)，才能逐步生產(chǎn)該種產(chǎn)品。行業(yè)中市場(chǎng)占有最大的中低端需求產(chǎn)生相對(duì)較低的利潤(rùn)，而大部分利潤(rùn)集中在中高端市場(chǎng)。
By the end of 2016, the market size of the low-voltage appliance market reached 75 billion yuan, according to the report on the demand and investment forecast of low-voltage electrical appliance industry released by the prospective industry research institute. The market size of low-voltage appliances is expected to be around 81 billion yuan in 2017, an increase of 8% year-on-year. The demand for low-voltage electrical appliances is driven by
與中高壓電器設(shè)備相比，低壓電器設(shè)備單價(jià)較低，向下游的議價(jià)能力更強(qiáng)，因此在原材料價(jià)格上漲時(shí)，企業(yè)能較好的對(duì)毛利率水平進(jìn)行把控。以正泰電器為例，公司所需主要原材料銅、銀、鋼材和塑料的采購(gòu)成本占總成本的50%左右，產(chǎn)品毛利率與銅價(jià)格聯(lián)動(dòng)性較大，呈明顯負(fù)相關(guān)。但2016-2017年當(dāng)銅價(jià)格上漲接近50%時(shí)候，公司毛利率下降幅度控制在5%左右。
At present low - voltage electrical appliance industry can be divided into high, medium, low - end three echelon. The first tier is a technology leader in the industry, mainly with schneider, ABB, Siemens and other multinational companies, the companies have mastered low-voltage electrical industry the most advanced technology, to lead the development direction of low voltage electrical industry; The second tier is a follower of industry technology, mainly
低壓電器行業(yè)是一個(gè)充分競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、市場(chǎng)化程度較高的行業(yè)。從全球范圍看，施耐德、ABB、羅格朗、西門(mén)子和伊頓合計(jì)市占率為 25%，其中施耐德市占率 8%排名第一。從國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)看，正泰電器市占率達(dá)到 18%，排名第一，施耐德市占率約為 17%；ABB 約 10%，德力西約 8%。此外還有大量低端市場(chǎng)參與者，以價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)獲取市場(chǎng)，進(jìn)一步拉低了行業(yè)集中度。
production technology has become a public information industry, to gradually produce the product. In the industry, the market occupies the largest middle and low end demand and generates relatively low profits, while most of the profits are concentrated in the middle and high-end market.
Compared with in high voltage electrical equipment, low-voltage electrical equipment unit price is low, the downstream stronger bargaining ability, therefore when raw material prices, companies can better to control the gross
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